Francesco Hayez

The Kiss

Edmund Blair Leighton

Stitching the Standard

Jamestown and Massechusetts

Abstract: This paper, using the book The Earth Shall Weep by James Wilson, will show the differences between the Massachusetts colony and the Jamestown settlement and that the reason for this was due to the totally different reasons for the colonies existance.

The English colony of Jamestown and the English Puritan colony of the pilgrims in Massachusetts, did not have the same outcomes with their interactions with the Native Americans. Both peoples came from the same country, lived in close proximity to the Indians, and had to interact with them. When looking at trade, the colonists motives for being in America, religious motivation, and the Powhatan Uprising and King Philips War, it can be seen that the reason for the difference was the in the completely unlike reasons for the settlemets existances.

Jamestown was established for trade. The people's main intent was to have exports for England. James Wilson said in his book The Earth Shall Weep"...The settlers concentrated on producing tobacco for export to England and continued to rely on their ability to wheedle or bully food out of the Native Americans or...take it by force," showing how the settlers of Jamestown were not as interested in learning how to have a stable colony; they were making money and being supported by the Indians. The Puritans in Massachusetts, however, did not live in a colony built on trade. They did trade with the Indians; but they were interested in stabilizing their colony and becoming self dependant. They wanted to live their seperatist religion and keep their culture with only those who were just like them, because that was their reason for being in America.

Jamestown was established to make profit and the people who were there came to make money; it was for business, whether good or not. The people of Jamestown wanted to continue trade with the Indians, but also wanted to take their food for themselves. To do this the Jamestown settlers kept the Indians in check; not through complete violence, but certainly by fear. James Wilson expresses this saying, "...Some settlers did make a heroic effort to live peacefully and deal equitably with the Indians...Smith believed this was dangerous sentimentality." In contrast, the Massachusetts colony wasn't founded with the main intention being profit through trade with the Indians. The settlers of Jamestown planned on interaction with the Native Americans, Wilson says "The Virginia Company had anticipated that Native supplies would be needed for the first year. It instructed the colonists to [not offend the Indians]," it was a large point of their being in America. The Puritans came to Massachusetts for a very different reason. The Puritans came to America with people of their own nationality (because they did not like to lose their English culture) to escape the oppression in England of their separatist religion. Indian interaction wasn't a priority, and was not even in the plan. If they had known how much they would have to interect with the Native Americans they might not have come. They left England because their religion differend from the people in England. They left the Neatherlands because of the cultural difference, and the Indians had both these differences and to the extreme.

The people in the Massachusetts colony had strong religious ties to their Puritan faith. The fact that they were Puritans and so religious, affected the ways in which they dealt with and interacted with the Indians surrounding them. Having already left England and the Netherlands because of religious and cultural differences, it is clear that the Puritans were very serious about how they were to be living and how they believed the rest of the world should as well. The Puritans did not want any Indian way of living to rub off on them; but they were set on changing the Indians. They pressed their culture and religion on the Native Americans, and even established 'Praying Towns' directed by John Eliot to fix the Indians. The correction process bassically involved changing Indians into Englishman. Wilson explains "The converts equipped with English tools learnt European skills...and made themselves useful to the colonists." These things did not have the best out comes though, and were one of the biggest factors that lead to King Philip's War. The people of Jamestown differed from the colonists of Massachusetts because they lacked the religious fervor of the Puritans. Jamestown was not an exceptionally religious place, and this was a help to them in dealing with the Native Americans because they did not push religion on the Indians in the way that the Puritans did. The people of Jamestown were not good to the Indians; but the lessened religious pressure was an asset in at least minimizing the conflict between them.

The Powhatan Uprising came about do to the conflicts and misunderstandings between the Powhatan Indians and the people of Jamestown. The Indians gave Jamestown a surprise attack and killed three hundred and forty-seven people. King Philips War came about for similar reasons; conflict between Indians and near by settlers. This time however the settlers were the Massachusetts Puritans, and instead of an uprising of Powhatan's, it was a bloody Pan-Indian War. The Uprising was devastating to Jamestown, but was short lived and trade continued. The King Philips War in Massachusetts was different; it lasted a year and when it was over, and the Indians defeated, the "Indian resistance in southern New England was effectively broken."

The settlements of Jamestown and Massachusetts differences existed because of the completely dissimilar reasons for why the colonies even existed. The Puritan colony was settled ina way that the Puritans could practice their religion and keep their culture, so when natural differences arose between them and the Indians, they reacted in ways that would close the conflict but protect the foundational purpose for their colony. Jamestown did the same, but because the reason for their settlement was for trade, the relation ship with the Indians, though not good, did not escalate and crash in the same way that the Puritans did. This is because they were protecting a settlement with a different purpose.

Primary Cause of Conflict

Abstract: This paper will show that the root of conflict between Native Americans and Europeans was because of different religious beliefs and culture. Support comes from The Earth Shall Weep by James Wilson, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations by David S. Landes, and http://www.wyandot.org/jogues.htm. the importance of the essay is to show that the drastic differences in culture caused the most conflict, and these differences were caused by different beliefs.

The primary cause of conflict between Native Americans and Europeans was do to their totally different cultures; which resulted from their conflicting religious beliefs, such as the ways of viewing time, the difference between ideas regarding place and space, differences in work ethic, and simply the different religions of themselves.

Fresh out of the Humanistic Revolution, Reformation, and going through the Scientific Revolution, the European culture was, in the 1500s through 1700s, in a linear time mindset; was sceptical, inquisitive, progressive, and Christian.

In general terms, Native American culture at that time was in a cyclical time mindset; had nature related religions, was unquestioning of its natural surroundings, and seemingly almost stationary; without progression.

The Europeans lived in linear time; the world began and time had been steadily moving forward in a straight line. This idea had roots in their religious beliefs that God created the world and after an uncertain amount of time had elapsed the world would end. Linear time. However time wasn't just a strait line; it was also a line of progression. The Europeans were constantly trying to advance and progress towards betterment. the reason for their striving for progress was also likely connected to their religious belief about being cast from Eden. Their belief in having been cast out because of their own failure, built their desire for and need to progress. This made their linear progressive time. The American Indians, however, viewed time as more of a cycle. Nature cycled around them from season to season, and in this same way their time cycled too. This had much to do with the fact that Indians did not view themselves as above nature, but a part of it. Also, because nowhere in their beliefs were they ever deprived of something better, they did not try to progress to betterment. They were satisfied with the way they were. That is not to say that they did not progress at all; but that their progress was little, slow, and not necessary to them. This caused conflict between the two when Europeans came to America. The Europeans did not understand cyclical time and that it was reason why the Indians were so behind them in advancements; they saw it as the Indians being uncivilized. This view caused the Europeans to, for the most part, either have minimal contact with them, take it upon themselves to teach the Indians their better ways, take advantage of them, or to clear them out all together.

The different Christian religions of the Europeans were all spacial religions; meaning that the religion wasn't connected to one place, and you could practice it anywhere. The Europeans did not have any physical thing or place that they were particularly attached to that was needed for them to be Christians. The American Indian's religion on the other hand, was directly related to place. Whether because their ancestors where buried in a particular place, or because it had been important in their creation story, specific places were important and part of the base of their religious beliefs and rituals. This caused problems when Europeans wanted to move the Indians to different places, because the Indians did not want to leave their sacred places, or when Europeans wanted to mine or farm (or any other place altering movement) the Indians became angered, and the Europeans could not understand; or didn't care because these ideas where foolish.

The Europeans had a strong work ethic.

They meant to progress, they meant to make money, and at least for many of them this was at least in part due to their religion. David S. Landes, in his book "The Wealth and poverty of Nations" speaks concerning Max Webbers ideas about protestant work ethic. "Protestantism..promoted the rise of modern capitalism...by defining and sanctioning an ethic of everyday behavior that conduced to business success." The Native Americans worked differently than the Europeans. They worked doing what they had to. They only grew the food they needed for one year; they were not interested in mass farming, and they certainly had no factories. The Europeans saw them as being behind and backwards. Some innocently tried to offer help which was accepted or denied, while others used it as a way to dehumanize the Indians making it easier on peoples minds to dispose of them. As James Wilson puts it in his book The Earth Shall Weep, "Some nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholars have viewed [Native American's] system not as real farming at all."

The fact that the Europeans and the Native Americans had such different religions was conflict in itself. The Europeans believed that their religion was right. In fact, every branch of Christianity believed that only it was the right religion. The Indians had their own religions, and generally didn't have a problem with others having theirs. That perspective went along with their beliefs about places being sacred; they believe because of their place and aloud you to believe your beliefs because you have a different place. The Europeans tried to convert the Indians to forms of Christianity. Some Indians Willingly converted, but it didn't always work out so easily. Some Indians were extremely angered by missionaries, such as some of the Iroquois who chewed fingers of off Father Isaac Jogues. Things went the other way as well; most Europeans saw the Indians as savages because of their difference in religion.

The Native Americans and Europeans found conflict because of how drastically their cultures differed; the way they saw time, how they worked, the space or place of their religions, and just their religions on their own. All these things are either directly related to, or are outcomes of their religious beliefs; making the difference in their religious beliefs the prime cause for conflict between the two.

Essay Question of Mine.

Compare and contrast Linear and Cyclical time; explaining how it affects culture, and realate it to Native Americans and Europeans.

Mid Term

Abstract: The statement to "cultivate a skeptical faith, avoid dogma, listen and watch well, try to clarify and define ends the better to chose means" made by Landes concerning the trend of the past 600 years is only half right. Support for this essay comes of knowedge from The World Is Flat by Friedman, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations by Landes, and wikipedia.com. The importance of this is to show that countries do follow a trend, but do not see the "ends".

From the beginnings of Humanism, through the Reformation, The Scientific Revolution, The Industrial Revolution, and now in the Flattening or the World, change is constant. But is the trend of all those years, as Landes says in his book The Wealth and Poverty of Nations, that we should "cultivate a skeptical faith, avoid dogma, listen and watch well, try to clarify and define ends the better to chose means"? More simply, is the tendency in attempting betterment and progress to never trust someone else's Truth, to challenge, to be aware of others success, and finally to first look at the consequences of actions before acting on them, so as to find the best way to get to the desired outcome.

Humanism started the close of the Middle Ages and was the beginning of the Renaissance. Humanism began with the belief that although God and getting to heaven were important to them, their lives on earth could have meaning and purpose as well. People began focusing more on the sensual human experience, most drastically expressed through art and its change from the middle ages to the Renaissance.

Eventually Humanism developed into not just believing that the individual life has meaning of its own, but it caused people to begin to question The Church's authority. The humanistic Revolution pushed "skeptical faith". Humanism made people wonder about other aspects of life besides religion and caused them to question long held beliefs; "avoiding dogma". People began to learn from Greek literature and philosophies, and they became even more skeptical of the ways in which they had been living and The Church which had taught them these things. Humanism seems to follow (Middle Ages to the left, Renaissance to the right)

most of Landers definition of the "trend", in that it caused questioning; but were the people basing their questions and actions on an end goal? Were they planning ahead and using the best means to get to a predestined outcome? Could they have for-see the Reformation and Scientific Revolution? Or did they happen as an unpredicted affect?

Erasmus was a Humanist who, although he did not want division in the church, played a part in bringing about the Reformation. He made editions of The Old Testament, and added into it Humanistic touches, and would criticize the Catholic Church. Though he played his part in causing people who read his works to question some of the practices of their Catholic religion he remained a catholic himself, and it was Martin Luther who really made the Reformation happen. Luther wrote his 95 theses, or criticisms of The Church which were printed, distributed, and read by hundreds. Eventually Luther broke away completely from The Catholic Church, with a religion or his own, and many followed him. Among many of Luther's ideas, was his institution of "solo scriptora" meaning that the truth is in the text and you find it yourself, what you find is truth for you, and only you can find it. Luther challenged The Church and it's dogma, the Reformation gave many people a more skeptical faith in their superiors, but was Martin Luther planning for the end outcome of his revolt? Was it really his plan for hundreds of religions to break off of each other after his example? Could he possibly have been thinking that the shake in Catholic authority would help bring about the Scientific Revolution?

Humanism through the Reformation brought questioning, skepticism, and rebellion from The Church, there wasn't a better time for science to follow suite then while the flame for answers was flaring. The Scientific Revolution came about and tested Faith, tradition, The Church, and formerly believed science. The publication of Diderot's Encyclopedia created conflict with some of it's articles that contradicted Church doctrine. Galileo, following the Copernican idea of a sun centered universe, shook Europe with his work to prove heliocentricism over the traditionally believed earth centered universe theory. As science pulled away from tradition and The Church people were put in a place where they would have to believe science that said it had proof, or their religious faith that said it had Truth. Was the Scientific Revolution testing other's truths, learning from others, and challenging dogma and faith? Yes. But was the plan of the scientists and those who followed them to be the start of a continuing and worsening science versus religion, creation versus a godless universe battle? Was it their plan to lead into Industrializing Europe and beyond? Could they have thought all that?

Science and it's machine inventions such as the steam engine and spinning wheel fueled the Industrial Revolution. Farmers, due to new farm equipment, were able to produce more food than was needed for their family, and so were able to sell it. Because people could now purchase food, not every one needed to be a farmer. This freed people to be able to work in factories.

Britain excelled and for a long period of time led Europe at industrialization. Britain pulled ahead because they saw the benefit of producing goods in an industrialized way and how it would be good for their economy. For a long time other countries, like Spain, did not follow the example. Spain, having great wealth from the New World chose not to take part in industrializing their country and bought instead of keeping up exports to maintain their wealth. However, when countries like France and Germany finally decided they needed to follow Britain's example, they did the smartest thing they could have; they didn't start at the beginning and work their way to Britain's present position. Instead they started right with the newest ideas, forms of machinery and practices. This in turn brought them ahead of Britain who, instead of embracing the ideas and advances of other countries, clung to their secret, but old ways of doing things, falling some what behind. The Industrial Revolution is the perfect example of "listening and watching well". When Britain took the leap into industrializing they were doing just that, they realized the advantage and took it. The rest of Europe when it followed the example of Britain, and continued to push forward also was "listening and watching well". But were the owners of the factories and the inventors of the new machines and other technologies aware of the huge part they were playing in progressing the economic flatness of the world? Could they have known they were bringing about our society today?

From the beginning of industries we have moved to where we are now: an ever flattening economic world. Technology is progressing rapidly as we try to keep up with it. Out sourcing, in sourcing, off shoring, supply chaining, and automating and informing all come with it. Countries are connected, businesses are connected, ideas and information are shared and spread quickly and easily. The flattening of the world is also a good example of "listen and watch well". People who succeed in The Flat World are people who are conscious of the advances made around them and who not only keep up, but stay ahead and never let their neighbor learn something without taking advantage of the knowledge, putting it to use and building off of it. But as these technologies and advancements progress seemingly always greater, farther, and faster, are we even looking to an "end"?

Clearly, from the Humanistic Revolution to the Flat World, the trend has been, as Landes stated, to "cultivate a sceptical faith, avoid dogma, listen and watch well". The Humanists were skeptical of faith, the men of the Reformation avoided dogma, those in the Scientific Revolution were both skeptical of faith and avoiding dogma, the Industrial Revolution and The Flat World both exemplify times of listening and watching well. The end of Landers statement however, "try to clarify ends, the better to choose means" does not really hold true. The early Humanists, the Reformists, Scientists, and Industrializers could not have seen the ends, or rather, beginnings that would eventually come of their actions, and in the flattening world in which we live, we aren't looking for ends.

History of the Newport Public Library

Emily Thibeault

Ms. Lind & Mr. Viles

Honors English & History

12/18/07

Thibeault

Outline

I. Introduction

A. The Newport Public Library assists people and fulfills its mission statement.

II. Sub-topic One

A. Mission Statement

1. Living up to

III. Sub-topic Two

A. Newport Public Library Association

1. Founded

2. Becoming a member

3. Dissolved

IV. Sub-topic Three

A. Locations

1. Town Hall

2. Present Building

B. Donations

1. Land

2. Money

V. Sub-topic Five

A. Historical Society

1. Library and Historical Society together

VI. Sub-topic Six

A. Friends of the Library

1. Support and Fundraising

2. End

VII. Sub-topic Seven

A. Current Librarians

1. Who

2. Positions

Sub-topic Eight

A. What is in the library

1. Books

2. Computers

IX. Sub-topic Nine

A. Technological increase

1. People coming

2. Inter Library Loan

X. Conclusion

A. Mission Statement and Community

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Emily Thibeault

Ms. Lind & Mr. Viles

Honors English & History

12/18/07

History of the Newport Public Library

The Newport Public Library has been around for over one hundred years. Over this time it has changed in many ways, keeping up with the time and technology. From its beginnings to its present state now, the Library has been growing and expanding; and will continue to do so. The Library has been an important part of the Newport community and has assisted the people in many ways; and still does.

The Newport public Library’s mission statement is separated into three parts and reads as follows:

1. To select, organize, preserve, and make freely available to the people of the community printed and other materials within the limitations of space and budget, which will aid them in the pursuit of information, education, culture and recreation.

2. To keep up to date in the field of information technology focusing on practical applications related to Library Science.

3. To preserve and develop an environment in the library that is “user friendly” and safe for the patrons and staff (Archives).

Since the library was founded in the late 1800’s it has been following closely the words of the mission statement and always working to improve.

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The Newport Library Association started on April 22, 1899 (Archives). This association was made up of a small group of members who paid and kept the library going. In order to be a part of the Newport Library Association you had to be recommended, and then your admission was put to a vote which would then decide if you would be included. After some years all adults in the town of Newport were technically considered members of the Newport Library Association, and all were invited to help vote library trustees until 2000 (Archives). On May 10th, 2000 the Library Association dissolved (Archives) and the Town of Newport took over the duties of the Association. The Town of Newport now takes care of the library’s needs. All of the library’s funding comes from The Town of Newport, and the staff is also hired by it.

The Newport Library was not always in its present building. It was first opened in the Newport Town Hall; next to the Police Department. At this time the library was quite small, only a few hundred books were in the collection and people who used the library paid dues. The building that now houses the Newport Library was built in 1954 (Archives). The library could not have been built had it not been for the Newport Women’s Club who bought the property on Main Street that it stands on in 1937 from Dr. L. H. White, and donated it (Archives).

Another huge benefactor towards the building of the library on Main Street was Mrs. George Payne. Mrs. Payne donated seven thousand dollars in memory of her husband; George Payne. This donation was enough money to complete the library construction, and a room inside was dedicated “The George J. Payne Reading Room” in the Payne’s honor (Archives).

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The Newport Historical Society and The Newport Public Library were not always in two separate buildings as they are now. When the building on Main Street was constructed both the Historical Society and the library were in it. The library with all its books held the top ground floor room, while the Historical Society kept its history in the bottom floor of the building.

Tillie Burke formed a Newport addition of the nation wide Friends of the Library group (Leigh) in 1988 (Archives). The Friends of the Library sponsored many fundraising and just fun not money related events for the library, such as art shows, Children’s book Week, teas, candidate nights, writing contests, reading groups, and book sales. The Friends of the Library ended between 2000 and 2001 when the Town of Newport began taking over from the Library Association and the situation involving money and funding became confusing. It is expected to start up again in time (Leigh).

The current librarians are Mrs. Leigh, a “Full time part time librarian” in her own words; meaning she is at the library ever hour it is open, but because of the number of hours she works she is considered part time by the state. The other librarian is Mrs. Brenda, and actual part time librarian, who among other things is always in charge of the Friday Craft after Mrs. Leigh’s Story Time.

The library is now planning another move to expand and create a safer environment for its users and also to converge once again with the Newport Historical Society. The new building will be built across the street from the current building, and is planned to get started in the fall of 2008 but still need 200 thousand more dollars (Leigh), and as Mrs. Leigh said “they plan on it, that doesn’t mean it is going to happen.”

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The library has a 6,000 dollar budget a year. Usually Mrs. Leigh spends 300 dollars on adult books and 200 on children’s books a month (Leigh). She tries to get one or two non fiction books each month but as she says “I consider this more of a fiction library. That’s what people around here want. I do try to keep up the non fiction section though.” The library has been keeping up with the times with five computers along the wall for easy access to the internet, or just for writing papers.

Many technological advances have been made in the past years such as the ease of being able to research and read online. It has been speculated that this would cause a drop in the number of people who come to the library, but Mrs. Leigh says “Not at all. Not here. Not everyone has a computer. So people come to use them. And people still like books.” One of the many technological advances made by the Library is the removal of the card catalogue, which has been replaced by the Solar Maine Catalogue (Leigh), which allows then to take part in Inter Library Loan.

The Newport Library is a very important part of the community. It provides a resource for information and friendly assistance and by keeping up with technology it helps the community stay updated. The Newport Public Library has grown and changed buildings, those in charge of it and its librarians are constantly working to better the library experience for the residents of Newport. By keeping up with technology and the continual work toward perfection the library is living up to its mission statement, and creating a positive affect on the town of Newport.

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Works Cited

Benouski, Genie. Internal Library Archives

Leigh. Personal interview. 12/15/07

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Works Consulted

Brenda. Personal Interview. 12/15/07

The Industrial Revolution. Mental or Physical?

Abstract: The process of the Industrial Revolution represented primarily a mental revolution. Sources for the essay includes: The Wealth and Poverty of Nations by David S. Landers, schoolshistory.com, and library.thinkquest.org. The importance of this paper is to show how revolutionary changes can't just be physical, and that they have to be accepted by people, and will change the way people see the world around them.

The Industrial Revolution posed both mental and physical revolution; but primarily mental, because every invention and new process starts with a mental idea, every new process takes human mental acceptance to be used and thrive, the way it effected people for and against it, because of the changes in ideas about class and how people perceived each other, how spirituality changed, and how the mental changes still show up today.

Every invention or process starts with a mental thought process; more specifically, a scientific thought process. At the core of every invention is a scientific thought process. The water frame, which was one of the biggest machine contributors to the Industrial Revolution, works by the force of moving water to move paddles on a wheel, causing it to turn. This rotation would then be channeled to the machinery it was powering. Before all this could happen, someone likely empowered by the Scientific Revolution, had to process the ideas. They had to put together the ideas of the power of water, the ability of one objects motion to affect another, and how to make that useful. Then experiments could be made, and then the water wheel could be put together to power multiple machines and allow factories to be possible.

The steam engine had to go though the process of scientific thought to get to it's best point. From a steam powered pump of water, to blowing air for furnaces, it evolved through the work of James Watt into an engine instead of just a pump. From there it was developed further through science and invention to be used for trains and to power machinery for factories.

Every invention starts with a mental Scientific thought process, that will bring the physical aspects to life. Once the physical part of the revolution starts more mental changes occur. A change has to happen in the minds of the people for them to accept the new physical developments. Otherwise, the physical changes would not continue and there would not be any revolution at all.

Before many of the machines and factories of the Industrial Revolution were put in full motion, the way people lived and worked was different. There were no, or very few factories; most people supported themselves. Almost every person, with the exception of some artisans, was their own farmer, many things were on barter basis, and businesses were mostly held in the home. As better farming tools and techniques became available, farmers were able to produce more food then just needed by their own families. Being able to buy food instead of having to grow it yourself, freed up some people to have the opportunity to have other jobs. As factories began to be set up, the positions were filled by those who no longer had to farm for their needs. I the factory products were produced cheaper and more rapidly than if the same products were being made by specialized workers in their home by hand. The factories took job away from most of these specialized workers, but they also allowed for more products than were necessary for the area so they were able to be sold for extra profit for the country.

This was a big change, and in order for it to take place the mentality of the people had to undergo much change itself. It took time for people to accept and adapt to the new machines and the new way of working that they brought with them. It was an extreme mental change for them to go from the thinking of a person who works in his home making four pairs of socks a day, to some one working in a factory helping to produce hundreds a day. Or someone who farmed for himself and his family, and now produces enough for multiple more people. Most people eventually adapted the way they thought about work to fit the new ways in which they were being expected to work; but some refused. The people who clung to the old ways and were against what the revolution was pushing for were called Luddites. Luddites were protesters who often broke machinery to make their point. They protested because of the jobs that were being lost due to machinery, the reducing of wadges, and the quality of what was being produced. The Luddites did not mentally accept the changes coming at them so in consequence did not go along with the revolution presented before them. Because they did not change mentally from the old ways, they were not revolutionized themselves; if every person had acted in this same way, the revolution wouldn't have had much of an affect.

The Industrial Revolution caused huge change in the way people thought about each other. Mostly because of the development of factories, social classes were once again very pronounced. The Under Class of poverty stricken and mostly jobless people were at the very bottom. Next came the broad category of Working Class. The Working Class ranged from unskilled workers at the bottom, to skilled at the top. After the Working Class came the Middle Class; mostly merchants, and then the Upper Class. The Upper Class was reestablished due to people who excelled at commerce and industry. Where before people were on a more equal level, the Industrial Revolution heightened the class separation. Upper class factory owners would look down on the working class who worked for them, and the higher parts of the working class felt they should not associate with the lower part of their class.

The mental state of people's minds changed more than just in class distinctions. Making money became the biggest priority. People started spending more time away from their families and church to make more and more money. Competition was more heated. People wanted the best possible, and if their neighbor had better, they wanted to get better than that. People's mindsets changed and became more affixed with material things.

The Industrial Revolution was primarily a mental revolution, and many of the mental affects can be traced to today. Most people's priorities are still centered around money in one way or another, and people compete more than ever to be at the top and to have the best. Though there were physical aspects to the Industrial revolution, because the machines helped power the changes; but the changes happened in the mind, and all the beginnings of anything physical, starts with something mental.